Download Excel File List of Animals Name

SNo,Animal,Young,Female,Male,Collective noun,Collateral adjective,Culinary noun for meat1,Aardvark,cub,sow,boar,,orycteropodian,2,Albatross,chick,N/A,N/A,flock,?,,,,,,rookery,,,,,,,gam (when searching for mates),,3,Alligator,hatchling,cow,bull,congregation,eusuchian,4,Alpaca,cria,?,?,herd,camelid,5,Ant,larva,queen,drone,army,formic,,,pupa,worker,,bike,myrmecine,,,,gyne,,colony,,,,,,,nest,,,,,,,swarm,,6,Anteater,pup,sow,boar,N/A,?,7,Antelope,calf,doe,buck,herd,alcelaphine,,,,,,cluster,bubaline,,,,,,tribe,antilopine,8,Ape,infant,N/A,N/A,shrewdness,simian,,,,,,troop,,9,Armadillo,pup,sow,boar,N/A,cingulatan,,,baby,,,,,10,Ass/Donkey,foal,jenny,jack,herd,asinine,,,,,,coffle,,,,,,,drove,,,,,,,pace,,11,Baboon,infant,N/A,?,flange,?,,,,,,tribe,,,,,,,troop,,12,Badger,cub,sow,boar,cete,musteline,,,kit,,,clan,,,,,,,colony,,,,,,,company,,13,Barracuda,?,?,?,school,percesocine,14,Bat,pup,N/A,N/A,cloud,pteropine,,,,,,colony,noctillionine,,,,,,flock,,15,Bear,cub,sow,boar,sleuth,ursine,,,,,,sloth,,16,Beaver,kit,N/A,N/A,family,,,,kitten,,,colony,,,,pup,,,,,17,Bee,larva,queen,drone,cast (a second swarm),apic,,,pupa,worker,,cluster (of workers around the queen),apian,,,,,,colony,apiarian,,,,,,drift,,,,,,,erst,,,,,,,grist,,,,,,,hive,,,,,,,nest,,,,,,,rabble,,,,,,,stand,,,,,,,swarm,,18,Bison,calf,cow,bull,herd,bovine,,,,,,,bubaline,19,Boar (wild pig),piglet,?,?,herd,?,,Also see Pig,farrow,,,singular,,,,shoat/shote (just weaned),,,sounder,,20,"Buffalo, African (for American buffalo, see Bison",calf,"cow, heifer",bull,herd,?,,,,,,troop,,,,,,,gang,,,,,,,obstinancy,,21,Galago,infant,N/A,N/A,gathering,galagine,,,,,,plot,,22,Butterfly,caterpillar,?,?,flight,pieridine,,,larva,,,flutter,pierine,,,pupa,,,rabble,lepidopteran,,,chrysalis,,,,,23,Camel,calf,cow,bull,caravan,camelid,,,,,,flock,cameline,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,train,,24,Caribou,calf,?,?,herd,rangiferine,25,Cat,kitten,molly,tom,clowder,feline,,,kit,queen,gib (castrated male),cluster,,,,,pussy,,clutter,,,,,,,glaring,,,,,,,pounce,,,,,,,kindle (kittens),,,,,,,litter (kittens),,26,Caterpillar,?,?,?,army,?,27,Cattle,calf,cow,bull,herd,bovine,beef,,,,,drove,taurine (male),veal,,,,,mob,vaccine (female),,,,,,team (Oxen),vituline (young),28,Chamois,calf,doe,bull,herd,rupicaprine,29,Cheetah,cub,?,?,coalition (male),?,30,Chicken,chick,hen,rooster,flock,galline,poultry,,,pullet,cock,brood,,,,,,cockerel,peep (chicks),,,,,,capon (castrated male),clutch (eggs),,31,Chimpanzee,infant,empress,blackback,troop,panine,,,,,,group,,,,,,,harem,,32,Chinchilla,kit,velvet,boar,herd,chinchilline,,,,sow,bull,colony,,33,Chough,chick,?,?,chattering,corvine,,,,,,clattering,,34,Clam,larva,?,?,bed,?,35,Cobra,?,?,?,quiver,elapid,36,Cockroach,nymph,?,?,intrusion,blattid,37,Cod,codling,?,?,school,gadoid,,,sprat,,,,gadine,38,Cormorant,chick,?,?,gulp,,,,shaglet,,,flight,,39,Coyote,cub,bitch,dog,pack,canine,,,pup,,,train,,,,whelp,,,band,,40,Crab,N/A,hen,cock,cast,cancrine,,,,jenny,jimmy,consortium,,41,Crane,chick,?,?,herd,alectorine,,,colt,,,sedge,,,,,,,siege,,42,Crocodile,hatchling,cow,bull,bask,crocodilian,,,,,,congregation,,,,,,,float,,,,,,,nest,,43,Crow,?,?,?,horde,corvine,,,,,,hover,,,,,,,murder,,44,Curlew,?,?,?,herd,?,45,Deer,calf,doe,buck,bunch,cervine,venison,,fawn,hind,stag,herd,elaphine,humble (organ meat),,,cow,bull,mob,,,,,,hart (red deer),rangale,,,,,,,clash,,,,,,,gang,,,,,,,leash,,,,,,,(buck) brace,,,,,,,(roe) bevy,,46,Dinosaur,hatchling,cow,bull,herd (herbivores),dinosaurian,,,juvenile,,,pack (carnivores),,47,Dog,pup,bitch,dog,pack (wild),canine,,,puppy,dam,stud,kennel,,,,whelp,,sire,legion,,,,,,,mute,,,,,,,litter (young),,,,,,,cowardice (curs),,,,,,,comedy (boxers),,,,,,,cry (hounds),,48,Dogfish,?,?,?,troop,?,capeshark (USA),,,,,,,rock salmon (UK),,,,,,,"flake (UK, AUS)",,,,,,,huss (UK),,,,,,,rigg (UK),,,,,,,kahada (CAN)49,Dolphin,calf,cow,bull,school,delphine,,,pup,,,pod,,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,team,,,,,,,alliance (male),,,,,,,party (female),,50,Donkey - See Ass,?,?,?,?,?,51,Dotterel,?,?,?,trip,?,52,Dove,chick,hen,cock,arc,columbine,,,,,,bevy,,,,,,,cote,,,,,,,dole,,,,,,,dule,,,,,,,flight,,,,,,,paddling,,,,,,,piteousness,,,,,,,pitying,,53,Dragonfly,nymph,queen,king,cluster,anisopteran,,,,,drake,flight,,54,Duck,duckling,duck,drake,On land,anatine,poultry,Also see Mallard,,hen,,flock,fuliguline,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,badling,,,,,,,brace,,,,,,,safe,,,,,,,sord,,,,,,,sore,,,,,,,waddling,,,,,,,,,,,,,,On water,,,,,,,bunch,,,,,,,paddling,,,,,,,raft,,,,,,,,,,,,,,In flight,,,,,,,skein,,,,,,,string,,,,,,,team,,55,Dugong,calf,cow,bull,herd,dugongine,56,Dunlin,chick,?,?,fling,?,57,Eagle,eaglet,N/A,N/A,convocation,aquiline,,,fledgling,,,,,58,Echidna,puggle,?,?,,tachyglossine,,,"(in common use, but not scientifically endorsed)",,,,,59,Eel,leptocephalus (larva),N/A,N/A,array,anguilline,,,elver (juvenile),,,bed,,,,,,,cell,,,,,,,fry,,,,,,,pipe,,,,,,,swarm,,60,Eland,calf,cow,bull,herd,?,61,Elephant,calf,cow,bull,herd,elephantine,,,,,,memory,proboscine,,,,,,parade,proboscidean,62,Elephant seal,calf,cow,bull,herd,miroungan,,,,,,pack,,,,,,,arrangement,,63,Elk (wapiti),calf,cow,bull,gang,cervine,venison,,,,,herd,,64,Emu,chick,?,?,mob,?,,,hatchling,,,,,65,Falcon,eyass/eyas,falcon,tiercel,cast,acciptrine,,,,,tercel,,,,,,,terzel,,,66,Ferret,kit,jill,hob,busyness,musteline,,,,,,business,,,,,,,cast,,,,,,,fesnyng,,,,,,,fesynes,,67,Finch,chick,hen,cock,charm,fringilline,,,,,,quiver,,68,Fish,fry,?,?,draft,piscine,,,fingerling,,,nest,,,,,,,run,,,,,,,school,,,,,,,shoal,,,,,,,,,,,,,,When caught,,,,,,,catch,,,,,,,drought,,,,,,,haul,,69,Flamingo,?,?,?,stand,phoenicopterine,,,,,,flamboyance,,70,Fly,maggot,?,?,business,dipterous,,,,,,cloud,,,,,,,swarm,,71,Fox,cub,vixen,tod,earth,vulpine,,,kit,,dog,lead,,,,pup,,reynard,leash,,,,,,,skulk,,,,,,,troop,,72,Frog,polliwog,-,-,army,ranine,,,tadpole,,,colony,,,,froglet,,,knot,,,,,,,bundle,,73,Gaur,calf,cow,bull,herd,bovine,garabeef,,,,,,gaurine,74,Gazelle,calf,cow,bull,herd,gazelline,75,Gerbil,pup,doe,buck,horde,cricetine,76,Giant Panda,cub,sow,boar,sleuth,ailuropodine,77,Giraffe,calf,cow,bull,herd,giraffine,,,,,,corps,,,,,,,tower,,78,Gnat,larva,?,?,cloud,?,,,,,,horde,,,,,,,swarm,,79,Gnu,calf,cow,bull,herd,,,,,,,implausibility,,80,Goat,kid,nanny,billy,drove,caprine,chevon,,,doe,buck,flock,hircine,cabrito,,,doeling,buckling,herd,,mutton,,,,,mob,,,,,,,tribe,,,,,,,trip,,81,Goose,gosling,goose,gander,On land,anatine,poultry,,,,,corps,anserine,,,,,,flock,,,,,,,gaggle,,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,,,,,,,,In flight,,,,,,,skein,,,,,,,team,,,,,,,wedge,,82,Goldfinch,?,?,?,charm,cardueline,83,Goldfish,?,?,?,glint,?,,,,,,troubling,,84,Gorilla,infant,N/A,blackback,troop,simian,,,,,silverback,band,,,,,,,whoop,,85,Goshawk,?,?,?,flight,?,86,Grasshopper,nymph,?,?,cloud,caeliferian,,,,,,swarm,,87,Grouse,?,?,?,covey,tetraonine,88,Guanaco,chulengo,?,?,?,camelid,89,Guinea fowl,keet,hen,cock,confusion,numidine,poultry,,,,,Rasp,,,,,,,flock,,90,Guinea pig,pup,sow,boar,herd,?,cui91,Gull,chick,hen,cock,colony,larine,,,,,,flock,,92,Hamster,pup,doe,buck,horde,cricetid,93,Hare,leveret,doe,buck,band,leverine,,,,jill,jack,down,leporine,,,,,,drove,,,,,,,flick,,,,,,,husk,,94,Hawk,eyas,hen,tiercel,boil,accipitrine,,,,,,cast,falconine,,,,,,kettle,,95,Hedgehog,hoglet,sow,boar,array,erinaceine,,,piglet,,,,,,,pup,,,,,96,Heron,chick,hen,cock,flight,ardeidine,,,,,,sedge,,,,,,,sege,,,,,,,siege,,97,Herring,?,?,?,army,clupeidean,,,,,,glean,,,,,,,shoal,,98,Hippopotamus,calf,cow,bull,bloat,hippopotamine,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,thunder,,99,Hornet,larvae,queen,drone,nest,vespine,,,pupae,,,swarm,,100,Horse,foal,mare,stallion,stable,equine,,,colt (male),dam,stud,stud,,,,filly (female),,,harras,,,,gelding (castrated male),,,herd (wild horses),,,,,,,band (wild horses),,,,,,,team (work horses),,,,,,,rag (colts),,,,,,,string (ponies),,,,,,,"field (racehorses),",,,,,,,ramada (group of horses owned by a single cowboy),,101,Human,baby,woman,man,group,human,long pig,,child,,,family,,(See cannibalism),,girl,,,band,,,,boy,,,crowd,,,,,,,clan,,,,,,,tribe,,102,Hummingbird,chick,hen,cock,charm,trochiline,,,,,,,trochilidine,103,Hyena,cub,bitch,dog,clan,hyenine,,,pup,,,cackle,,,,whelp,,,,,104,Jackal,pup,?,?,pack,?,105,Jaguar,cub,?,?,prowl,?,,,,,,leap,,106,Jay,?,?,?,band,corvine,,,,,,party,,,,,,,scold,,107,"Jay, Blue",chick,hen,cock,charm,corvine,108,Jellyfish,planula,sow,boar,bloom,scyphozoan,,,polyp,,,fluther,,,,ephyra,,,smack,,,,,,,smuth,,109,Kangaroo,joey,flyer,boomer,court,macropodine,,,,doe,buck,herd,,,,,jill,jack,mob,,,,,roo,,troop,,110,Koala,joey,doe,buck,colony,phascolarctine,111,Komodo dragon,hatchling,cow,bull,bank,varanine,,,chick,hen,cock,,,,,calf,,,,,112,Kouprey,calf,cow,bull,herd,sauveline,,,,,,,bovine,113,Kudu,calf,cow,bull,herd,tragelaphine,114,Lapwing,chick,?,?,deceit,vanelline,,,,,,desert,,115,Lark,chick,hen,cock,exaltation,alaudine,116,Lemur,infant,?,?,congress,lemurine,,,,,,conspiracy,,,,,,,plot,,117,Leopard,cub,leopardess,leopard,leap,pardine,,,,,,lepe,,118,Lion,cub,lioness,lion,pride,leonine,,,,,,sawt,,,,,,,troop,,119,Llama,cria,hembra,macho,herd,camelid,,,,,,flock,,120,Lobster,?,hen,cock,pod,homarine,121,Locust,nymph,N/A,N/A,cloud,caelifera,,,,,,host,,,,,,,plague,,,,,,,swarm,,122,Loris,infant,,,colony,lorisine,123,Louse,nymph,N/A,N/A,colony,pediculine,124,Lyrebird,chick,hen,cock,musket,menurine,125,Magpie,chick,hen,cock,flock,garruline,,,,,,charm,,,,,,,gulp,,,,,,,murder,,,,,,,tiding,,,,,,,tittering,,,,,,,tribe,,126,Mallard,duckling,hen,greenhead,flush,anatine,poultry,Also see Duck,,,,lute,,,,,,,puddling,,127,Manatee,calf,cow,bull,herd,manatine,,,,,,,sirenian,128,Marten,?,?,?,richness,?,129,Meerkat,pup,N/A,N/A,clan,?,,,,,,gang,,,,,,,mob,,130,Mink,cub,sow,boar,?,musteline,,,kit,,,,,131,Mole,pup,sow,boar,company,talpine,,,,,,labour,,,,,,,movement,,132,Monkey,infant,N/A,N/A,tribe,simian,,,,,,troop,,133,Moose,calf,cow,bull,herd,cervine,venison134,Mouse,kitten,doe,buck,colony,murine,,,pup,,,harvest,,,,,,,horde,,,,As pet food,,,mischief,,,,pinky/fuzzy/crawler/hopper,,,nest,,135,Mosquito,nymph,N/A,N/A,scourge,aedine,,,wriggler,,,swarm,anopheline,,,tumbler,,,cloud,,136,Mule,foal,molly,john,barren,?,,,,,,pack,,,,,,,span,,137,Narwhal,calf,-,-,blessing,-,138,Newt,eft,-,-,-,pleurodeline,139,Nightingale,chick,hen,cock,flock,philomelian,,,,,,route,,,,,,,watch,,140,Octopus,fry,?,?,consortium,octopodine,141,Okapi,calf,cow,bull,herd,okapine,142,Opossum,joey,jill,jack,passel,didelphine,143,Oryx,calf,?,?,?,?,144,Ostrich,hatchling,hen,cock,flock,ratite,,,chick,,,troop,struthious,145,Otter,pup,sow,boar,romp,musteline,,,whelp,,,bevy,lutrine,,,,,,family,,,,,,,raft,,146,Owl,fledgling,,?,parliament,strigine,,,owlet,,,stare,,147,Ox,calf,cow,bull,herd,bovine,,,,,steer,yoke,,,,,,,team,,,,,,,drove,,148,Oyster,spat,?,?,bed,ostracine,meat,,,,,cast,,,,,,,hive,,149,Panther,cub,pantheress,?,?,pantherine,150,Parrot,chick,hen,cock,company,psittacine,,,,,,flock,,,,,,,pandemonium,,151,Partridge,chick,hen,cock,bevy,perdicine,,,,chantelle,,covey,,152,Peafowl,chick,peahen,peacock,party,pavonine,poultry,,peachick,,,muster,,,,,,,pride,,,,,,,ostentation (peacocks),,153,Pelican,chick,?,?,pod,pelecanine,,,nestling,,,,,154,Penguin,chick,?,?,rookery,spheniscine,,,nestling,,,huddle,,,,,,,waddle,,,,,,,(on land) colony,,,,,,,(in water) raft,,155,Pheasant,chick,hen,cock,nest,phasianine,,,,,,nye,,,,,,,(brood) nide,,,,,,,(take-off) bouquet,,,,,,,(in flight) Guff,,156,Pig,piglet,sow,boar,drift,porcine,pork,Also see Boar,farrow,,,drove,suilline,ham,,shoat/shote (just weaned),,,team (hogs),,bacon,,barrow (castrated male),,,passel (hogs),,,,gilt (young female that has not given birth),,,parcel (hogs),,,,,,,litter (piglets),,157,Pigeon,squab,hen,cock,flight,pullastrine,squab,,squeaker,,,flock,,158,Pony- See Horse,?,?,?,?,?,159,Porcupine,pup,sow,boar,prickle,hystricine,160,Porpoise,calf,cow,bull,crowd,phocoenine,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,pod,,,,,,,school,,,,,,,shoal,,161,Prairie Dog,pup,sow,boar,coterie,?,,,,,,town,,162,Quail,chick,hen,cock,bevy,?,,,,,,covey,,163,Quelea,chick,hen,cock,flock,queline,164,Rabbit,bunny,doe,buck,colony,leporine,,,kit,jill,jack,bevy,,,,kitten,,,bury,,,,nestling,,,drove,,,,,,,trace,,,,,,,leash,,,,,,,trip,,,,,,,(domestic) herd,,,,,,,(hare) down,,,,,,,husk,,,,,,,(young) litter,,,,,,,nest,,165,Raccoon,cub,sow,boar,nursery,procyonine,,,kit,,,gaze,,166,Rail,chick,reeve,ruff,?,ralline,167,Ram,lamb,ewe,ram,flock,arietine,lamb,Also see Sheep,,,,,ovine,mutton168,Rat,calf,doe,buck,colony,murine,,,kitten,cow,bull,horde,,,,nestling,,,mischief,,,,pup,,,plague,,,,,,,swarm,,169,Raven,chick,hen,cock,unkindness,corvine,170,Red deer,calf,hind,stag,herd,?,venison171,Red panda,cub,sow,boar,pack,ailuirine,172,Reindeer (caribou),calf,cow,bull,herd,rangiferine,173,Rhinoceros,calf,cow,bull,crash,ceratorhine,,,,,,herd,,174,Rook,?,?,?,building,?,,,,,,clamor,,,,,,,parliament,,175,Ruff,?,?,?,hill,?,176,Salamander,tadpole,sow,boar,maelstrom,caudatan,,,salamanderling,,,band,,,,,,,congress,,177,Salmon,?,hen,cock,run,salmonine,178,Sand Dollar,larva pluteus (free swimming stage),?,?,?,clypeasteroid,,,juvenile (young urchin),,,,,179,Sandpiper,?,?,?,fling,scolopacine,180,Sardine,?,?,?,family,?,181,Scorpion,?,?,?,bed,?,,,,,,nest,,182,Sea lion,pup,cow,bull,pod,otarine,,,calf,,,colony,,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,rookery,,,,,,,team,,183,Sea Urchin,larva pluteus (free swimming stage),?,?,?,?,,,juvenile (young urchin),,,,,184,Seahorse,seafoal,seamare,seastallion,shoal,hippocampal,185,Seal,pup,cow,bull,harem,phocine,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,pod,,,,,,,rookery,,186,Shark,cub,?,bull,school,selachian,flake (AUS),,pup,,,shiver,,187,Sheep,lamb,ewe,ram,down,ovine,lamb,Also see Ram,lambkin,dam,buck,drift,,mutton,,cosset,,,drove,,hoggett,,,,,mob,,,,,,,flock,,,,,,,fold,,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,trip,,188,Shrew,shrewlet,sow,boar,colony,soricine,,,,,,drove,,189,Shrimp,,,,,,190,Skunk,kit,sow,boar,surfeit,mephitine,191,Snail,,,,hood,gastropodian,escargot,,,,,rout,,,,,,,walk,,192,Snake,snakelet,N/A,N/A,nest,anguine,,,hatchling (a newly hatched snake),,,bed,elapine,,,neonate(newborn),,,den,serpentine,,,,,,knot,viperine,,,,,,,ophidian,193,Spider,spiderling,?,?,cluster,arachnine,,,,,,clutter,arachnoid,194,Squid,chick,hen,cock,audience,tethidine,calamari195,Squirrel,pup,doe,buck,dray,sciurine,,,kit,,,scurry,,,,kitten,,,,,196,Starling,?,?,?,chattering,sturnine,,,,,,murmuration,,197,Stingray,?,?,?,fever,myliobatoid,198,Stinkbug,nymph,?,?,intrusion,pentatomidae,199,Stork,?,?,?,muster,ciconine,,,,,,mustering,,200,Swallow,?,?,?,flight,hirundinine,,,,,,gulp,,201,Swan,cygnet,pen,cob,bank,cygnine,,,flapper,,,bevy,,,,,,,flock,,,,,,,game,,,,,,,herd,,,,,,,team,,,,,,,,,,,,,,In flight,,,,,,,flight,,,,,,,wedge,,202,Tapir,calf,cow,bull,herd,tapirine,,,,,,measure,,203,Tarsier,infant,doe,buck,herd,tarsiine,,,,,,plot,,,,,,,troop,,204,Termite,larva,cow,bull,brood,isopteran,,,,,,colony,,,,,,,nest,,,,,,,swarm,,205,Tiger,cub,tigress,tiger,ambush,tigrine,,,whelp,,,streak,,206,Toad,tadpole,N/A,N/A,knot,ranine,,,toadlet,,,nest,batrachian,,,,,,lump},,207,Trout,fingerling,hen,cock,hover,?,208,Turkey,poult,hen,tom,rafter,?,poultry,,,,gobbler,gang,,,,,,stag,posse,,,,,,jake (immature),,,209,Turtle,hatchling,N/A,N/A,bale,chelonian,,,,,,dule,,,,,,,nest,,,,,,,turn,,210,Vicua,calf,cow,bull,posse,cameline,,,,,,herd,,211,Viper,?,?,?,generation,viperine,,,,,,nest,,212,Vulture,?,?,?,venue,?,213,Wallaby,joey,jill,jack,mob,?,214,Walrus,calf,cow,bull,herd,odobenine,,,,,,flock,,,,,,,pod,,,,,,,wealth,,215,Wasp,larva,queen,drone,swarm,vespine,,,,worker,,hive,,,,,,,colony,,,,,,,nest,,216,Water buffalo,calf,cow,bull,pot,,carabeef217,Weasel,pup,bitch,buck,gang,musteline,,,kit,doe,dog,sneak,,,,,jill,hub,,,,,,,jack,,,218,Whale,calf,cow,bull,gam,cetacean,blubber,,,,,herd,cetaceous,,,,,,mob,,,,,,,pod,,,,,,,school,,219,Wolf,cub,bitch,dog,pack,lupine,,,pup,she-wolf,,route,,,,whelp,,,,,220,Wolverine,kit,angeline,wolverine,pack,musteline,,,whelp,,,gang,,,,,,,mob,,221,Wombat,joey,jill,jack,mob,?,222,Woodcock,?,?,?,fall,?,223,Woodpecker,chick,?,?,descent,picine,224,Worm,wormlet,?,?,bed,helminthic,,,,,,clat,vermian,,,,,,clew,,225,Wren,chick,cow,bull,herd,troglodytine,,,,,,cabinet,,226,Yak,calf,cow,bull,herd,?,227,Zebra,colt,mare,stallion,herd,zebrine,,,foal,,,cohort,hippotigrine,,,,,,zeal,,,,,,,,,For other more formats kindly visit www.downloadexcelfiles.com,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Original source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animal_names,,,,,,,